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Title: PAX6 haplotypes are associated with high myopia in Han Chinese
Authors: Jiang, B
Yap, KHM 
Leung, KH
Ng, PW
Fung, WY
Lam, WW
Gu, YS
Yip, SP 
Issue Date: 12-May-2011
Source: PLoS one, 12 May 2011, v. 6, no. 5, e19587, p. 1-10
Abstract: Background: The paired box 6 (PAX6) gene is considered as a master gene for eye development. Linkage of myopia to the PAX6 region on chromosome 11p13 was shown in several studies, but the results for association between myopia and PAX6 were inconsistent so far.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We genotyped 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PAX6 gene and its regulatory regions in an initial study for 300 high myopia cases and 300 controls (Group 1), and successfully replicated the positive results with another independent group of 299 high myopia cases and 299 controls (Group 2). Five SNPs were genotyped in the replication study. The spherical equivalent of subjects with high myopia was ≤-8.0 dioptres. The PLINK package was used for genetic data analysis. No association was found between each of the SNPs and high myopia. However, exhaustive sliding-window haplotype analysis highlighted an important role for rs12421026 because haplotypes containing this SNP were found to be associated with high myopia. The most significant results were given by the 4-SNP haplotype window consisting of rs2071754, rs3026393, rs1506 and rs12421026 (P = 3.54×10⁻¹⁰, 4.06×10⁻¹¹ and 1.56×10⁻¹⁸ for Group 1, Group 2 and Combined Group, respectively) and the 3-SNP haplotype window composed of rs3026393, rs1506 and rs12421026 (P = 5.48×10⁻¹⁰, 7.93×10⁻¹² and 6.28×10⁻²³ for the three respective groups). The results remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons by permutations. The associated haplotyes found in a previous study were also successfully replicated in this study.
Conclusions/Significance: PAX6 haplotypes are associated with susceptibility to the development of high myopia in Chinese. The PAX6 locus plays a role in high myopia.
Keywords: Transcription factor PAX6
3' untranslated region
Chinese
Controlled study
Disease association
Gene expression regulation
Gene function
Gene linkage disequilibrium
Gene locus
Gene mutation
Gene replication
Genetic association
Genetic susceptibility
Genetic variability
Haplotype
High myopia
High risk population
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Journal: PLoS one 
EISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019587
Rights: © 2011 Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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