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Title: Noise robust speaker verification via the fusion of SNR-independent and SNR-dependent PLDA
Authors: Pang, X 
Mak, MW 
Issue Date: Dec-2015
Source: International journal of speech technology, Dec. 2015, v. 18, no. 4, p. 633-648
Abstract: While i-vectors with probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) can achieve state-of-the-art performance in speaker verification, the mismatch caused by acoustic noise remains a key factor affecting system performance. In this paper, a fusion system that combines a multi-condition signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-independent PLDA model and a mixture of SNR-dependent PLDA models is proposed to make speaker verification systems more noise robust. First, the whole range of SNR that a verification system is expected to operate is divided into several narrow ranges. Then, a set of SNR-dependent PLDA models, one for each narrow SNR range, are trained. During verification, the SNR of the test utterance is used to determine which of the SNR-dependent PLDA models is used for scoring. To further enhance performance, the SNR-dependent and SNR-independent models are fused using linear and logistic regression fusion. The performance of the fusion system and the SNR-dependent system is evaluated on the NIST 2012 speaker recognition evaluation for both noisy and clean conditions. Results show that a mixture of SNR-dependent PLDA models perform better in both clean and noisy conditions. It was also found that the fusion system is more robust than the conventional i-vector/PLDA systems under noisy conditions.
Keywords: Fusion
I-vectors
NIST 2012 SRE
Noise robustness
Probabilistic LDA
Speaker verification
Publisher: Springer
Journal: International journal of speech technology 
ISSN: 1381-2416
DOI: 10.1007/s10772-015-9310-8
Rights: © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use(https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms), but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-015-9310-8
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