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Title: In-vitro strain and modulus measurements in porcine cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Yuen, QWH
Zheng, YP 
Huang, YP 
He, JF
Cheung, JCW 
Ying, M 
Issue Date: 2011
Source: Open biomedical engineering journal, 2011, v. 5, p. 39-46
Abstract: Cervical lymph nodes are common sites of metastatic involvement in head and neck cancers. These lymph nodes are superficially located and palpation is a common practice for assessing nodal hardness and staging cancer which is, however, too subjective and with limited accuracy. In this study, the mechanical properties of pig lymph node tissues were investigated using ultrasound elastography and indentation test. Lymph nodes were excised from fresh pork pieces and embedded in an agar-gelatin phantom for strain imaging by elastography. A strain ratio reflecting the strain contrast of lymph node over agar-gelatin phantom was used to assess the elasticity of the lymph node. A cutting device was then custom-designed to slice the phantom into uniform slices for indentation test. The measurements revealed that there were significant differences in both the strain ratio and Young's modulus between the peripheral and middle regions of the lymph nodes (both p < 0.05); however, the results appeared contradictory. Correlation between the results of the two measurements (modulus ratio vs. inversed strain ratio) showed their association was moderate for both the peripheral and middle regions (R2 = 0.437 and 0.424 respectively). As the tests were only performed on normal lymph nodes, comparison in stiffness between healthy and abnormal lymph nodes could not be made. Future studies should be conducted to quantify the stiffness change in abnormal lymph nodes.
Keywords: Elastography
Indentation
Lymph node
Soft tissue
Strain image
Ultrasound
Young's modulus
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Journal: Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 
ISSN: 1874-1207
DOI: 10.2174/1874120701105010039
Rights: © Yuen et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.
open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The following publication Yuen, Q. W. -., Zheng, Y. -., Huang, Y. -., He, J. -., Cheung, J. C. -., & Ying, M. (2011). In-vitro strain and modulus measurements in porcine cervical lymph nodes. Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, 5, 39-46 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701105010039
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