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Title: High titer and yield ethanol production from undetoxified whole slurry of Douglas-fir forest residue using pH profiling in SPORL
Authors: Cheng, J
Leu, SY
Zhu, JY
Gleisner, R
Issue Date: 2015
Source: Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, v. 8, 22, p. 1-10
Abstract: Background: Forest residue is one of the most cost-effective feedstock for biofuel production. It has relatively high bulk density and can be harvested year round, advantageous for reducing transportation cost and eliminating onsite storage. However, forest residues, especially those from softwood species, are highly recalcitrant to biochemical conversion. A severe pretreatment for removing this recalcitrance can result in increased sugar degradation to inhibitors and hence cause difficulties in fermentation at high solid loadings. Here, we presented high titer ethanol production from Douglas-fir forest residue without detoxification. The strong recalcitrance of the Douglas-fir residue was removed by sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL). Sugar degradation to inhibitors was substantially reduced using a novel approach of "pH profiling" by delaying acid application in pretreatment, which facilitated the simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of undetoxified whole slurry at a solid loading of 21%. Results: "pH profiling" reduced furan production by approximately 70% in using SPORL pretreating Douglas-fir forest residue (FS-10) comparing with the control run while without sacrificing enzymatic saccharification of the resultant substrate. pH profiling also reduced carbohydrate degradation. The improved carbohydrate yield in pretreated solids and reduced fermentation inhibitors with pH profiling resulted in a terminal ethanol titer of 48.9 ¡Ó 1.4 g/L and yield of 297 ¡Ó 9 L/tonne FS-10, which are substantially higher, i.e., by 27% in titer and by 3"in yield, than those of a control SPORL run without pH profiling. Conclusions: Economical and large-volume production of commodity biofuels requires the utilization of feedstocks with low value (therefore low cost) and sustainably producible in large quantities, such as fo
Keywords: Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation
Fermentation inhibitors
Forest residue
High solids processing
High-titer biofuel
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
Journal: Biotechnology for Biofuels 
ISSN: 1754-6834
DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0205-3
Rights: © 2015 Cheng et al.; licensee BioMed Central. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public DomainDedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article,unless otherwise stated.
The following publication Cheng, J., Leu, S. Y., Zhu, J. Y., & Gleisner, R. (2015). High titer and yield ethanol production from undetoxified whole slurry of Douglas-fir forest residue using pH profiling in SPORL. Biotechnology For Biofuels, 8, 22, 1-10 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0205-3
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