Morphology-controlled single rock particle breakage : a finite-discrete element method study with fractal dimension analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of particle morphology on two-dimensional (2D) single rock particle breakage using the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) coupled with fractal dimension analysis. Three key shape descriptors (elongation index EI, roundness index Rd, and roughness index Rg) were systematically varied to generate realistic particle geometries using the Fourier transform and inverse Monte Carlo. Numerical uniaxial compression tests revealed distinct morphological influences: EI showed negligible impact on crushing strength or fragmentation, and Rd significantly increased crushing strength and fragmentation due to improved energy absorption and stress distribution. While Rg reduced strength through stress concentration at asperities, suppressing fragmentation and elastic energy storage. Fractal dimension analysis demonstrated an inverse linear correlation with crushing strength, confirming its predictive value for mechanical performance. The validated FDEM framework provides critical insights for optimizing granular materials in engineering applications requiring morphology-controlled fracture behavior.