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Title: What is hell? How Daoism challenges the strong view
Authors: Schachter, B 
Issue Date: Feb-2025
Source: Religions, Feb. 2025. v. 16, no. 2, 107
Abstract: This article argues that Daoism embodies a performative approach to hell. To make this argument, the first section summarizes the “strong view of hell”. The second section explores how the Daoist text Scripture of the Three Offices (Sanguan jing 三官經) describes hell. The third section examines how the Daoist priest Nie Shihao 聶士豪 (fl. 1691) interprets this description of hell. His commentary shows that Chinese rituals constitute a venue whereby social actors pursue ritual criticism and self-reflexivity.
Keywords: Daoism
Hell
Ritual
Strong view of hell
Publisher: MDPI
Journal: Religions 
EISSN: 2077-1444
DOI: 10.3390/rel16020107
Rights: © 2025 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The following publication Schachter, Bony. 2025. What Is Hell? How Daoism Challenges the Strong View. Religions 16: 107 is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020107.
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