Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/104974
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dc.contributorSchool of Optometryen_US
dc.contributorResearch Centre for SHARP Visionen_US
dc.creatorLiang, Yen_US
dc.creatorKang, BSen_US
dc.creatorKee, CSen_US
dc.creatorLeung, TWen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-20T06:44:04Z-
dc.date.available2024-03-20T06:44:04Z-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10397/104974-
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPI AGen_US
dc.rightsCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.rightsThe following publication Liang, Y., Kang, B.-S., Kee, C.-S., & Leung, T.-W. (2024). Compensatory Interactions between Corneal and Internal Astigmatism despite Lifestyle Changes. Children, 11(2), 154 is available at https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/2/154.en_US
dc.subjectCorneal astigmatismen_US
dc.subjectInternal astigmatismen_US
dc.subjectNear-work timeen_US
dc.subjectOutdoor timeen_US
dc.subjectRefractive astigmatismen_US
dc.titleCompensatory interactions between corneal and internal astigmatism despite lifestyle changesen_US
dc.typeJournal/Magazine Articleen_US
dc.identifier.volume11en_US
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/children11020154en_US
dcterms.abstractThis study explores whether children’s refractive errors and visual behaviors reverted to pre-COVID-19 levels a year after normal schooling resumed in Hong Kong as well as the impact of corneal and internal astigmatism on refractive astigmatism development. Vision survey data and questionnaire results collected in 2022 (n = 119) and 2020 (n = 173) were compared. Cross-sectional data showed similar proportions of astigmatism (cylindrical power ≥ 0.75 D) in the 2020 (49.1%) and 2022 cohorts (55.5%). Despite a 0.28 D increase in corneal astigmatism, a compensatory 0.24 D increase in internal astigmatism of opposite direction kept refractive astigmatism relatively stable. The questionnaire data showed that children spent an additional 0.5 h/day outdoors on weekends post-resumption of normal schooling but engaged in more near-work activities, especially non-screen near-work, by approximately 1 h/day on both weekdays and weekends. These findings were supported by longitudinal data from 72 children who participated in both surveys. This study highlights the significant role of corneal and internal astigmatism in refractive astigmatism changes. Despite the return to in-person classes, children’s total near-work time increased and astigmatism remained high. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to reduce the high environmental risks for refractive error development in children.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsopen accessen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationChildren, Feb. 2024, v. 11, no. 2, 154en_US
dcterms.isPartOfChildrenen_US
dcterms.issued2024-02-
dc.identifier.eissn2227-9067en_US
dc.identifier.artn154en_US
dc.description.validate202403 bcchen_US
dc.description.oaVersion of Recorden_US
dc.identifier.FolderNumbera2652-
dc.identifier.SubFormID48020-
dc.description.fundingSourceOthersen_US
dc.description.fundingTextThis study was supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission of the HKSAR Government (ITC InnoHK CEVR Project 1.5 and 5.1) and the PolyU Research Centre for Sharp Vision (P0041205).en_US
dc.description.pubStatusPublisheden_US
dc.description.oaCategoryCCen_US
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