Polyurethane-urea fiber material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane-urea materials, and particularly provides a polyurethane-urea fiber material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The polyurethane-urea fiber material has a general formula represented by a formula (I) in the specification. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out a reaction on oligomeric dihydric alcohol with diisocyanate under the action of a catalyst to obtain a prepolymer; adding a solution of polyamino acid diamine with a beta-folding structure into the prepolymer, and carrying out mixing reaction; adding methanol into the obtained reaction product to obtain polyurethane-urea; and spinning the polyurethane-urea to obtain the polyurethane-urea fiber. The polyurethane-urea fiber material is an artificial biomimetic material, the toughness of the polyurethane-urea fiber material is larger than or equal to 150 MJ/m<3>, the tensile strength of the polyurethane-urea fiber materialis 100-200 MPa, the elongation at break of the polyurethane-urea fiber material is 150%-800%, and compared with spider silk, the polyurethane-urea fiber material is more excellent in performance and more suitable for commercial application. 本发明涉及聚氨酯‑脲材料技术领域，具体提供一种聚氨酯‑脲纤维材料及其制备方法和应用。所述聚氨酯‑脲纤维材料具有如说明书式(I)所示的通式。其制备方法包括以下步骤：在催化剂作用下使低聚二元醇与二异氰酸酯发生反应，得到预聚物；向所述预聚物中加入具有β‑折叠结构的聚氨基酸二元胺的溶液混合反应；向得到的反应产物加入甲醇中，得到聚氨酯‑脲；将所述聚氨酯‑脲纺丝获得聚氨酯‑脲纤维。本发明的聚氨酯‑脲纤维材料是一种人造仿生材料，其韧性≥150MJ/m3，拉伸强度100～200MPa，断裂伸长率在150％～800％之间，与蜘蛛丝相比，其性能更为优异，更适合商业化应用。