3d biodigital design, fabrication, and biomechanical visualization of custom-fit of compression stocking

Abstract

Poor-fitting markedly hinders the use of compression stockings (CSs). Differences in morphology and leg dimensions among individuals induce variability in their pressure profiles. In Hong Kong, the major supply of CSs comes from the West. CSs produced by Western brands are not usually adapted to the average sizes of the local Asian population. The non-match coefficient is as high as 27%-41%, which is the foundation of the current study.||This research aimed to design and develop a user-oriented biodesign-fabrication-evaluation system to enhance pressure function and user fit. The system was created by combining 3D digital body scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, digital seamless knitting technology, biomechanical visualization, and product realization. The research objectives were as follows: (1) to formulate a new method based on 2D digital limb cross-section scanning that can predict the pressure exerted by CSs; (2) to develop 3D finite element (FE) models that can evaluate the skin pressure, tissue deformation, and internal stress of the lower limbs induced by CSs; (3) to establish a technique for 3D image digital data transfer to visualize the knitting effects of CSs; and (4) to develop “outfit” that satisfy end users according to the mutual agreement between the practical measurements and the developed FE model. This study attracted HK$3.5 M in funding from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the General Research Fund, and the Innovation Technology Fund from the Hong Kong SAR Government. The project received “Best Paper Award” and appeared in the 1st Global Artificial Intelligence Conference (2018). The project also resulted in the generation of eight papers, three patents, and over 300 pairs of new CSs. This research provided an evidence-based design approach for custom-fitted CSs offering improved fitting and comfort for practical use.