Development of an eye-patch protector for neonates

Abstract

Eye-patch protectors (EPs) are routinely used in neonatal units to protect neonates' eyes from strong light during phototherapy, which is a mainstream treatment for neonatal jaundice. However, problems of current EPs, such as suspicious photo-protection, easy displacement, eye irritation, and limited size, arise from practical use of the EPs in the public hospitals of Hong Kong. The objective of this research is to develop a comfortable, safe, secure and reliable EP that can provide maximum protection for neonates from potential retinal and corneal damage. Based on the identified problems of the EPs currently used in the hospitals of Hong Kong, a set of design criteria for a new EP including photo-protection, comfort, easy handling, safety, disposability and appearance was established and related specifications were developed. 14 linear craniofacial dimensions were measured by applying a new, safe and convenient close-range photogrammetric measuring system and 2 circular dimensions were measured with a tape for pattern construction, development of a sizing system and a neonatal head model. A three-layer composite was designed for eye-patch panel with a cotton/Modal blended knitted inner layer, a cotton woven middle layer and a cotton knitted outer layer. A bandage-type elastic material and a hook-and-loop fastener were selected for fastening panel. In conjunction with the design criteria and specifications, the anthropometric analysis, and the results of fabrication and the evaluation of fabric materials, an EP prototype was designed and developed for optimizing its functional and practical performances. The end-uses of fitting, comfort, security, safety, handling performance, and appearance of the new EP were evaluated by means of wear trial in the hospital. As a result, all respondents agreed that the new EP is better than two of current EPs except one who is taking care of a neonate suffering from dysphoria. The photo-protections of the new and the current EPs were further measured in a simulated clinical environment objectively. It showed that only the new EP and the Biliband EP offered safe eye protection in its safety region whereas the new EP can provide significantly more security than the current EPs. A product development model was formulated based on theoretical investigation and practical exploration of design and development of a new EP. The model is likely to provide a systematic and theoretic framework for the design and development of other protective textile products for neonates