Flame-retardant smoke-suppressing polylactic acid composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a flame-retardant smoke-suppressing polylactic acid composite material and a preparation method thereof. The polylactic acid composite material comprises polylactic acid resin and a plasma-state solid material serving as a flame retardant, wherein the plasma-state solid material is a solid material with a large number of free electrons. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: S1, preparing a composite polylactic acid master batch by using a certain amount of low-dimensional plasma-state solid material and polylactic resin; and S2, preparing the polylactic acid composite material from a certain amount of the composite polylactic acid master batch and an equal amount of polylactic acid resin. Knitted fabric made of the polylactic acid composite material is difficult to ignite in butane gas flames under the standard air condition, can be self-extinguished after being occasionally ignited and away from the fire, has no obvious molten drop phenomenon, and also has no phenomenon that cotton flock on the lower side is on fire. In addition, in a cone calorimeter test, compared with common phosphorus-containing flame-retardant polylactic acid fibers, the density of smoke generated by the polylactic acid composite material in combustion is obviously reduced by more than 50%. 本发明公开了一种阻燃抑烟聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法。该聚乳酸复合材料包括聚乳酸树脂和作为阻燃剂的等离子态固体材料，该等离子态固体材料为具有大量自由电子的固体材料。该制备方法包括以下步骤：步骤S1，利用一定量的低维化的等离子态固体材料和聚乳酸树脂制取复合聚乳酸母粒；步骤S2，利用一定量的该复合聚乳酸母粒与等量的聚乳酸树脂制取得到该聚乳酸复合材料。由该聚乳酸复合材料制成的针织布在标准空气条件下，在丁烷气火焰中很难点燃，偶尔点燃后离火也会自熄，没有明显熔滴现象，也没有引起下方棉屑起火的现象。另外，在锥形量热仪测试中，该聚乳酸复合材料较常见的含磷阻燃聚乳酸纤维在燃烧中产生的烟雾密度明显减少超过50％。