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Title: Optical interventions for myopia control
Authors: Tang, WC 
Leung, M 
Wong, ACK 
To, CH 
Lam, CSY 
Issue Date: 2019
Source: In M Ang & TY Wong (Eds.), Updates on Myopia: A Clinical Perspective, p. 289-305. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019
Abstract: Myopia is a common eye problem that is becoming more prevalent worldwide, particularly in East Asia. The cost of long-term care for myopia-related eye diseases significantly impacts the respective economies and places a great burden on the public health services. There is no doubt that myopia is a major East Asian public health concern and a significant concern globally, and effective control of myopia would help to alleviate the costs that are related to this problem. Currently, there are many types of optical interventions involving the use of spectacle lenses or contact lenses to slow down myopia progression in children. However, none of these myopia control methods have been proven to stop the development or progression of myopia completely and each method has their own limitations. Orthokeratology, soft bifocal contact lenses, prismatic bifocals, and myopic defocus incorporated spectacle lenses have all been shown to have clinically meaningful reductions in myopia progression ranging from 45% to 60%. Although pharmaceutical agents such as atropine have relatively better myopia control effects than optical methods, the associated side effects and uncertainty in the safety of long-term atropine use may hinder its widespread clinical application. Optical interventions are non-invasive and have become more popular compared to pharmaceutical treatments. This chapter provides an overview of the optical interventions for slowing myopia progression and their effectiveness in myopia control. Other myopia control methods will also be discussed briefly.
Keywords: Bifocal contact lens
Myopia
Myopia control
Optical intervention
Orthokeratology
Spectacles
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8491-2_14
Rights: © The Author(s) 2020. This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
The following publication Tang W.C., Leung M., Wong A.C.K., To C., Lam C.S.Y. (2020) Optical Interventions for Myopia Control. In: Ang M., Wong T. (eds) Updates on Myopia. Springer, Singapore, is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8491-2_14
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