Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/80640
PIRA download icon_1.1View/Download Full Text
Title: Evaluation of design flow rate ofwater supply systems with low flow showering appliances
Authors: Zhou, Y 
Mui, KW 
Wong, LT 
Issue Date: 2019
Source: Water, 2019, v. 11, no. 1, 100
Abstract: The installation of water efficient appliances is an efficient demand-side water management measure favored by policymakers and water providers nowadays. The adoption of low flow showerheads in large and complex plumbing systems will not only contribute to a great reduction of shower water use in the whole water system, but also further influence the water supply system design. Hence, it is necessary to justify the redesign of existing water supply systems (such as the pipe size, storage tank volume, pumping arrangement etc.) in terms of the use of low flow showerheads. This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the design flow rate for a typical high-rise roof tank water supply system in Hong Kong with the installation of low flow showerheads. The simulation results indicate that a full installation of low flow showerheads can decrease the design flow rate by 15%, corresponding to an energy efficiency improvement of 1.5%. The potential for water savings and associated energy savings can be significantly higher when all installed appliances in homes are water efficient (e.g., showerheads, water taps, washing machines). Further work is required to evaluate the redesign of existing water supply systems for a sustainable future.
Keywords: Design flow rate
Energy efficiency
Low flow showering
Monte Carlo simulation
Water supply system
Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Journal: Water 
ISSN: 2073-4441
DOI: 10.3390/w11010100
Rights: © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The following publication Zhou Y, Mui K-W, Wong L-T. Evaluation of Design Flow Rate of Water Supply Systems with Low Flow Showering Appliances. Water. 2019; 11(1):100 is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010100
Appears in Collections:Journal/Magazine Article

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
Zhou_Evaluation_design_flow.pdf16.39 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
Open Access Information
Status open access
File Version Version of Record
Access
View full-text via PolyU eLinks SFX Query
Show full item record

Page views

105
Last Week
2
Last month
Citations as of Mar 24, 2024

Downloads

99
Citations as of Mar 24, 2024

SCOPUSTM   
Citations

5
Citations as of Mar 28, 2024

WEB OF SCIENCETM
Citations

3
Citations as of Mar 28, 2024

Google ScholarTM

Check

Altmetric


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.