Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/76437
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dc.contributorSchool of Optometry-
dc.creatorShah, RL-
dc.creatorHuang, Y-
dc.creatorGuggenheim, JA-
dc.creatorWilliams, C-
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-10T02:55:59Z-
dc.date.available2018-05-10T02:55:59Z-
dc.identifier.issn0146-0404en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10397/76437-
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAssociation for Research in Vision and Ophthalmologyen_US
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.en_US
dc.rightsThe following article: Rupal L. Shah, Yu Huang, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Cathy Williams; Time Outdoors at Specific Ages During Early Childhood and the Risk of Incident Myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2017;58(2):1158-1166 is available at https//doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-20894.en_US
dc.subjectMyopiaen_US
dc.subjectRefractive erroren_US
dc.subjectTime outdoorsen_US
dc.subjectALSPACen_US
dc.subjectEpidemiologyen_US
dc.titleTime outdoors at specific ages during early childhood and the risk of incident myopiaen_US
dc.typeJournal/Magazine Articleen_US
dc.identifier.volume58en_US
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1167/iovs.16-20894en_US
dcterms.abstractPURPOSE. Time outdoors during childhood is negatively associated with incident myopia. Consequently, additional time outdoors has been suggested as a public health intervention to reduce the prevalence of myopia. We investigated whether there were specific ages during early childhood when the time outdoors versus incident myopia association was strongest.-
dcterms.abstractMETHODS. Children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were studied from age 2 to 15 years. Parentally reported time outdoors and time spent reading were assessed longitudinally in early childhood (ages 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 years). Noncycloplegic autorefraction was carried out longitudinally in later childhood (ages 10, 11, 12, and 15 years). Information was available for 2833 participants. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to test for association between time outdoors and incident myopia.-
dcterms.abstractRESULTS. From 3 years of age onward, greater time outdoors was associated with a reduced risk of incident myopia. The hazard ratio for myopia changed progressively from 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.98, P = 0.012) at age 3 years, to 0.86 (95% CI 0.78-0.93, P = 0.001) at age 9 years, for each additional SD of time spent outdoors per day. These associations were independent of two major risk factors for myopia: time reading and number of myopic parents.-
dcterms.abstractCONCLUSIONS. Additional time spent outdoors across the 3 to 9 years age range was associated with a reduced incidence of myopia between ages 10 and 15 years. There was a trend for the association to increase toward the older end of the 3 to 9 years range.-
dcterms.accessRightsopen accessen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationInvestigative ophthalmology and visual science, 2017, v. 58, no. 2-
dcterms.isPartOfInvestigative ophthalmology and visual science-
dcterms.issued2017-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000396939600054-
dc.identifier.eissn1552-5783en_US
dc.description.validate201811_a bcma; 201805 bcrcen_US
dc.description.oaVersion of Recorden_US
dc.identifier.FolderNumberOA_IR/PIRAen_US
dc.description.pubStatusPublisheden_US
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