Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/75924
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dc.contributorDepartment of Logistics and Maritime Studies-
dc.creatorTo, WM-
dc.creatorLee, PKC-
dc.creatorNg, CT-
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-10T02:54:57Z-
dc.date.available2018-05-10T02:54:57Z-
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10397/75924-
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)en_US
dc.rights© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.rightsThe following publication To, W.-M.; Lee, P.K.C.; Ng, C.T. Factors Contributing to Haze Pollution: Evidence from Macao, China. Energies 2017, 10, 1352, 1-12 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10091352en_US
dc.subjectHazeen_US
dc.subjectEnergy useen_US
dc.subjectFuel consumptionen_US
dc.subjectMeteorological factorsen_US
dc.subjectSocio-economic changesen_US
dc.subjectLong-term time-seriesen_US
dc.titleFactors contributing to haze pollution : evidence from Macao, Chinaen_US
dc.typeJournal/Magazine Articleen_US
dc.identifier.spage1en_US
dc.identifier.epage12en_US
dc.identifier.volume10en_US
dc.identifier.issue9en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en10091352en_US
dcterms.abstractHaze is a major environmental concern in many cities because it adversely affects people's physiological and psychological well-being. This paper examines the extent of haze in Macao during the period 1986-2016. It identifies the relationships between haze, energy use, and meteorological conditions directly. The haze in Macao changed over the period 1986-2016 with air pollution getting worse and then improving after 2007. Specifically, the number of haze hours increased from 3 in 1986 to 766 in 2007, and then dropped to 57 in 2016, while the total energy use increased from 12,246 TJ in 1986 to 37,144 TJ in 2007, and then to 42,405 TJ in 2016. As per primary energy, Macao used 12,096 TJ in 1986, 21,388 TJ in 2007, and 16,647 TJ in 2016 excluding aviation kerosene. Bivariate correlations show that haze was most positively and significantly associated with annual primary energy use. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the number of hours with haze was significantly, positively related to the consumption of gas oil/diesel, fuel oil, and natural gas in Macao and aviation kerosene. Nevertheless, the improvement in Macao could come at a cost to areas in downwind of Zhuhai's coal power stations supplying Macao's electricity energy.-
dcterms.accessRightsopen accessen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationEnergies, Sep. 2017, v. 10, no. 9, 1352-
dcterms.isPartOfEnergies-
dcterms.issued2017-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000411225200108-
dc.identifier.eissn1996-1073en_US
dc.identifier.artn1352en_US
dc.identifier.rosgroupid2017003246-
dc.description.ros2017-2018 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalen_US
dc.description.validate201805 bcrcen_US
dc.description.oaVersion of Recorden_US
dc.identifier.FolderNumberOA_IR/PIRAen_US
dc.description.pubStatusPublisheden_US
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