Ecological views on ancient civilization

Abstract

20世纪40年代以后学术界为了给远古文明一个科学的解释,开始致力于探讨这些远古文明在特定地区发展的驱动力,然而得出的答案则异彩纷呈。历史学学者阿诺尔德.汤因比提出了"综合起源学说",同时,文化人类学的代表人物朱利安.斯图尔德从人与自然的关系出发,提出"文化生态学说"。综合比较前人研究的成果,重点剖析汤因比和斯图尔德的文明起源学说之间的非兼容性。并针对这种非兼容性提出了文明起源的新见解,强调多元并存文化之间冲突与互动的关键作用。 In order to give it scientific explanation,the academics after 1940s began to take up with the questions like why these ancient civilizations occurred in specific regions and what their motion was,but the answer was quite different.Historian,ArnoldJoseph Toynbee,put forward synthesized origin theory,ant the same time,cultural anthropologist Julian Steward proposed cultural ecology theory that answered from the relationship of human beings and nature.This paper analyzes the incompatibility of the origin theory by Tang Yinbi and Steward,and proposes new points of civilization origin-social pressure origin theory according to their incompatibility.This new theory put emphasis on the conflict and interaction among multi-cultures.